Classic and Contemporary Poets

John Barbour (circa 1320–1395) was a Scottish poet and the first major named literary figure to write in Scots. His most famous work is "The Brus," a long narrative poem written in a form of early Scots, which tells the story of Robert the Bruce and the Scottish War of Independence against England. Although much less is known about Barbour's life and other works compared to later poets, his influence on Scottish literature is considerable.

Literary Background and Early Influences

John Barbour was educated at the University of Oxford, which was unusual for a Scotsman of his time, and later at the University of Paris. His time in Paris may have influenced his decision to write "The Brus," as he would have been exposed to the chivalric romances that were popular at the time, such as those by Chrétien de Troyes.

Poetic Schools or Movements

Barbour is often associated with the beginnings of Scottish literature and could be considered a precursor to the later Scottish Chaucerians. His writing comes before the flourishing of the more well-known Scots Makars such as Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, and Gavin Douglas. However, Barbour is often viewed as setting the stage for their contributions to the Scots literary tradition.

Poetic Oeuvre: Phases and Themes

"The Brus," Barbour's principal work, is a long poem composed of rhyming couplets. It is considered a primary source for information on the life of Robert the Bruce and the Wars of Scottish Independence. This work stands out for its historical importance and for its display of national sentiment, which was significant in fostering Scottish national identity.

While "The Brus" is essentially a war narrative, it also explores themes of heroism, patriotism, and the right of a nation to self-determination. It reflects the ideals of chivalry and valor and has been celebrated not only for its historical narrative but also for its poetic qualities.

Influence and Honors

Barbour's influence extends into Scottish culture and literature as a foundational figure. His work provided a narrative of Scottish history that celebrated its heroes and crystallized the sense of a distinct Scottish identity at a time when such an identity was politically significant.

Conclusion

John Barbour’s significance lies in his early use of the Scots language for literary purposes and in his contribution to the narrative of Scottish nationhood. "The Brus" serves as both a historical document and a work of national myth-making. It played a critical role in shaping the tradition of historical poetry in Scotland and has been valued not just as a historical source but also as an influential work of literature in its own right. While not much else is known about Barbour's literary output, "The Brus" alone ensures his place in the canon of Scottish literature.

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