Classic and Contemporary Poets

John Gardner (1933-1982) was an American novelist, essayist, literary critic, and university professor. He is best known for his novel "Grendel," a retelling of the Beowulf myth from the monster's point of view. Gardner's work is characterized by its philosophical underpinnings, complex prose, and deep engagement with myth and morality.

Literary Background

John Gardner received his PhD in medieval literature from the University of Iowa, an institution renowned for its writers' workshop. His academic background had a profound impact on his writing, which often incorporates and reinterprets classical and medieval literary texts.

Early Influences

Gardner was influenced by a range of writers, from the ancient poets to the modernists. His interest in medieval literature and its focus on chivalric codes and moral quandaries deeply informed his writing. Gardner's work is often seen through the lens of moral philosophy, exploring the nature of good and evil and the complexities of human behavior.

Poetic Schools or Movements

Although Gardner is predominantly known as a novelist, his work does contain elements akin to poetic expression, particularly his interest in Old English poetry and its use of alliteration and rhythm. His writing is sometimes linked to the deep imagery movement because of its vivid and often mythic imagery, even though he is not formally associated with this or any other specific school of poetry.

Poetic Oeuvre: Phases and Themes

John Gardner's literary oeuvre, while not predominantly poetic, is notable for its engagement with ancient myths, moral philosophy, and his exploration of the artist's role in society. His fiction often reflects the tragic sense of life, and his characters are frequently seen grappling with serious ethical dilemmas.

His most famous work, "Grendel," is both a philosophical novel and a deep psychological exploration of a character often dismissed as a mere monster. It is emblematic of Gardner's interest in giving voice to the marginalized and exploring the story from the other side.

Influence

Gardner's influence is felt in the realm of literary fiction and in the sphere of literary criticism. His book "On Moral Fiction" was a polemic that argued for art's ethical responsibilities, igniting considerable debate in the literary community. He was also a mentor to several writers, and his thoughts on the craft of writing have been influential, particularly his book "The Art of Fiction."

Honors

Although his life was tragically cut short by a motorcycle accident, Gardner's contribution to literature was significant. He was widely recognized as an important voice in American fiction and criticism, and his work was acclaimed for its intellectual depth and narrative innovation.

Conclusion

John Gardner's legacy as a writer is marked by his commitment to exploring complex moral questions and his fascination with mythic structures. His fiction, which sometimes straddles the line between narrative and poetic discourse, continues to be studied and admired for its philosophical richness and its challenging of conventional storytelling. Gardner’s novels, especially "Grendel," remain a staple in discussions of contemporary American literature and its roots in ancient traditions.

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