Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Ballade for the Duke of Orleans" is a poem by Richard Wilbur, first published in 1955. The poem is an example of a ballade, a traditional French form of poetry that consists of three stanzas of eight lines and a shorter concluding stanza of four lines, all with a recurring rhyme scheme and a refrain. In this particular ballade, Wilbur addresses the Duke of Orleans, a historical figure who was imprisoned in the Tower of London for over two decades.

Explanation:

The poem begins with the speaker addressing the Duke of Orleans, who is described as being locked in his prison cell, "the hand-cuffed prince, the duke of tears." The speaker then goes on to describe the various ways in which the Duke is trapped, both physically and emotionally, such as being bound by chains and feeling the weight of his own thoughts. Despite this, the Duke is also portrayed as being noble and dignified, refusing to break under the weight of his captivity.

Throughout the poem, the speaker uses the refrain "Unfortunates, we who are they," drawing a connection between the Duke's imprisonment and the speaker's own struggles with feeling trapped and powerless in their own life. The final stanza concludes with a message of hope, as the speaker offers a prayer for the Duke's eventual release and for their own liberation from their personal struggles.

Poetic Elements:

• Ballade form, consisting of three stanzas of eight lines and a shorter concluding stanza of four lines
• Refrain of "Unfortunates, we who are they"
• Consistent rhyme scheme of ABABBCBC throughout each stanza
• Use of imagery to convey the Duke's imprisonment and emotional state
• Contrast between the Duke's physical captivity and his inner nobility and dignity

Conclusion:

"Ballade for the Duke of Orleans" is a beautifully crafted poem that uses the traditional ballade form to convey a powerful message about imprisonment, both physical and emotional. Wilbur's use of imagery and language creates a vivid picture of the Duke's captivity, while the refrain and consistent rhyme scheme tie the poem together and add to its overall impact. The poem's message of hope in the face of struggle and imprisonment is both poignant and uplifting, making it a timeless work of poetry.

Poem Snippet:

"Unfortunates, we who are they,

A ballad's ballad still may sing

Of battle, of captivity,

And in another's glory cling.”

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