Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

In Richard Wilbur's "Matthew VIII, 28 ff," the poem opens with the community of Gadarenes conversing with a Rabbi, presumably Jesus Christ, as indicated by the scriptural title. The poem examines the tension between material prosperity and spiritual well-being, throwing into sharp relief the choices and sacrifices that individuals and communities make to sustain their economic models. Through this, Wilbur raises ethical questions that probe the heart of capitalism, individualism, and societal values.

The Gadarenes proclaim that they are "fond of wealth and possessions," setting up a contrast to the Rabbi's teachings on love and compassion. They "obviate" love by a "planned release of aggressions," essentially admitting to a society built on controlled exploitation and inequality, yet efficient and prosperous. They express "deep faith in prosperity," and dismiss charity as "palpably non-essential." It's a scathing critique of a society wholly bent on material gains, suggesting that the spiritual and moral aspects of life are given no real importance.

However, the Gadarenes admit to their own spiritual and psychological ailments-they "go insane," are "possessed by devils," and "suffer." There's an acknowledgment of the emotional and spiritual costs of their lifestyle, but their ultimate stance is one of resistance to change. They refuse healing if it comes at the cost of their "swine," a literal reference to the biblical story where Jesus casts out demons into a herd of pigs, but also metaphorical of their material possessions and way of life. In essence, they say that if their economic system must be disrupted for their spiritual well-being, they'd rather keep their system, revealing a deeply flawed sense of priorities.

The poem's meter and rhyme scheme, not immediately obtrusive but subtly guiding the reader, lend an air of gravity to the subjects discussed. This structured style can be read as a reflection of the Gadarenes' own societal structures-ordered, predictable, but lacking in spiritual and emotional nourishment.

Wilbur manages to bring this biblical narrative into conversation with modern ethics and economics, reminding us that societal values have far-reaching consequences. As the Gadarenes are focused on material wealth to the detriment of their spiritual and emotional health, so too does the poem caution against the risks of a society too focused on material gain. The poem warns of the dangers of sidelining compassion, charity, and spirituality in the quest for economic success, and offers a critical lens through which to examine our own societal values.

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