Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Ralph Waldo Emerson's poem, "New England Capitalist," invites readers into a contemplative journey through the landscape of industrialization and progress in 19th-century America. Emerson, a prominent figure in the American Transcendentalist movement, is renowned for his philosophical writings and poetry that often explored the relationship between nature, individuality, and society.

Historical and Cultural Context

To appreciate Emerson's poem fully, it is crucial to understand the historical context of 19th-century New England. This was a period marked by rapid industrialization, technological advancements, and the rise of capitalism. The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way society functioned, with factories and machines reshaping the landscape and the lives of people. The poem emerges against this backdrop, offering a critical perspective on the consequences of industrialization.

Themes

Industrialization and Its Impact: The central theme of the poem revolves around industrialization and its effect on society. Emerson begins by questioning the nature of the machines created by the capitalist, describing them as "manikins & miniatures" and "dwarfs of one faculty." This imagery suggests that despite the impressive advancements in technology, these machines are mere extensions of human capability. They are tools that the capitalist uses to further his own goals and power.

Human Agency: Emerson highlights the idea that these machines are an extension of the capitalist's will. He portrays the capitalist as a master manipulator of his creations, bending himself to adapt to the changing world and using technology as a means to achieve dominance. The machines, therefore, become instruments of his conquering will, illustrating the agency of the individual in shaping the course of industrialization.

Societal Consequences: As the poem progresses, Emerson touches upon the societal consequences of the capitalist's actions. He mentions the states of New Hampshire, Maine, and Carolina, which are metaphorically burdened with the task of "drag[ging] his coach." This imagery represents the exploitation of both citizens and states in the pursuit of capitalist interests. The capitalist's success comes at the expense of the poor, symbolizing the social inequalities and disparities inherent in the capitalist system.

The poem reaches its climax with a line that drips with sarcasm and irony: "Preludes & hints of what he meditates; -- Now let him make a harp!" This scathing remark serves as a pointed dismissal of the industrialist and his pursuits.

Structure and Style

Emerson's poem is written in free verse, lacking a traditional rhyme scheme or meter. This form allows for a fluid expression of ideas and emotions, reflecting the complexity of the subject matter. The use of vivid imagery, such as "machines of steel, brass, leather, oak, & ivory," creates a sensory experience for the reader, drawing attention to the contrast between the mechanical and the organic.

The poem's style is characterized by its concise and thought-provoking lines. Emerson's use of metaphor and symbolism enhances the depth of his message. The progression from describing the machines to addressing their societal impact adds layers of meaning to the poem, culminating in the call for the capitalist to "make a harp." This closing line challenges the capitalist to create something of beauty and cultural significance, perhaps as a remedy for the negative consequences of his industrial pursuits.

Conclusion

"New England Capitalist" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a thought-provoking exploration of industrialization, human agency, and societal consequences. Through vivid imagery, metaphor, and a critical lens, Emerson invites readers to contemplate the role of the capitalist in shaping the changing world of 19th-century America. As we navigate the complexities of progress and its impact on society, Emerson's poem serves as a timeless reminder of the need for balance and responsibility in the pursuit of technological advancements.

Discover our Poem Explanations and Poet Analyses!

Other Poems of Interest...