Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Bicentennial" is a reflective poem written by Robert Penn Warren that explores the complex history of the United States on the occasion of its 200th anniversary. Through the use of vivid imagery and thought-provoking language, the poem challenges readers to consider the meaning of the country's past and present, and to question what lies ahead.

Explanation: 

The poem begins with a description of a celebratory parade, which Warren suggests is a kind of superficial display of patriotism. However, he goes on to examine the darker aspects of American history, including slavery and genocide of Native Americans. The speaker of the poem acknowledges that these events are part of the nation's legacy, but also expresses a sense of hope that the country can move beyond them.

Warren also explores the theme of time in the poem, as he reflects on the passage of 200 years since the nation's founding. He muses on the fleeting nature of human existence and the idea that, in the grand scheme of things, 200 years is a relatively short period of time.

The tone of the poem is one of contemplation and reflection, as the speaker considers the weight of the country's past and the uncertainties of its future. Ultimately, though, Warren seems to suggest that the nation's true strength lies in its ability to persevere and to learn from its mistakes.

Poetic Elements:

• Form: The poem is written in free verse, with no strict meter or rhyme scheme. This reflects the speaker's contemplative, meandering thoughts as he reflects on the complexities of American history.
• Imagery: Warren uses vivid imagery throughout the poem to evoke both the celebratory and darker aspects of American history. For example, he describes "bunting, wreaths, and streamers" in the parade, but also speaks of "corpses heaped like cordwood" in reference to the Native American genocide.
• Tone: The overall tone of the poem is one of reflection and contemplation, as the speaker considers the weight of American history and its uncertain future.
• Language: Warren uses powerful, thought-provoking language throughout the poem to convey his message. For example, he describes the country's founding as a "second birth," implying that it was a kind of rebirth or renewal. He also speaks of the country's "martyrs," suggesting that those who have fought for the nation's ideals are worthy of reverence and respect.
• Structure: The poem is divided into four sections, each of which explores a different aspect of American history and identity. This structure reflects the complexity of the country's story and suggests that there are many different facets to the American experience.

Conclusion: 

"Bicentennial" is a thought-provoking and reflective poem that challenges readers to consider the complexities of American history and identity. Through the use of vivid imagery, powerful language, and a reflective tone, Warren suggests that the true strength of the nation lies not in its superficial displays of patriotism, but in its ability to learn from its mistakes and to move forward. The poem is a testament to the power of reflection and contemplation, and a reminder that there is always more to learn about the country we call home.

Poem Snippet:

"But it was our story,

the second birth, the martyrs, and the

eagle and the wreath.

Something that was going to be

with us always, a kind of echo

long after the facts had been forgotten,

a reminder of a glory that had once been there."

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