Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Toast" by Stephane Mallarme is a succinct yet deeply resonant poem that explores themes of friendship, solitude, and the journey of life itself. Written in a metaphorical language that draws heavily from nautical imagery, Mallarmé crafts a rich tapestry of meaning in just a few lines. A principal figure of the Symbolist movement, Mallarmé elevates the ordinary act of a toast into an evocative symbol of existential conditions and aspirations.

The poem opens with an acknowledgment of the 'foam' or 'nothing' that is a verse. Like foam, a poem is ephemeral, a transient form that briefly captures something elemental. The act of toasting, too, is a fleeting moment, yet it becomes significant for setting apart "the cup we drink," distinguishing the ordinary from the extraordinary. The foam and the verse thus serve as metaphors for art's ability to lend significance to mundane experiences.

The sirens, who appear "far away," add a mythical layer to the poem. Sirens have long been symbols of temptation and allure, but their evanescence in the sea might point to the transient nature of desires and aspirations. Much like the siren song, friendship is elusive and complex, but it is a pursuit that engages us wholly.

As the poet and his friends embark on this metaphorical journey, their roles are distinctly outlined: the poet is "already on the poop," implying either leadership or perhaps a sense of retrospection, while his friends are on the "sumptuous bow," actively engaging with life's complexities. The bow "cuts through the billow of lightnings and winters," a vivid image capturing both the highs ('lightnings') and lows ('winters') of existence.

The intoxication the poet feels is not induced by alcohol, but rather by life's rich tapestry. It fills him with courage, enabling him to make his toast without fear. This toast is not merely a wish for good health or fortune; it's a far-reaching salute to "Solitude, reef, star"-elements that can be both challenging and uplifting. 'Solitude' could signify both loneliness and self-reflection, the 'reef' embodies obstacles as well as beauty, and the 'star' serves as a beacon of guidance and hope.

The concluding lines refer to "the white solicitude of the cloth of our sail," perhaps indicating collective aspirations or the purity of human endeavors. The word 'solicitude' implies a form of attention or care, suggesting that the sail-which is propelled by winds that can be both favorable and challenging-warrants the concentration of the voyagers.

The poem manages to encapsulate the essence of life's journey, friendships, and the personal quests we are all engaged in. It touches on the complexities of human relationships and the existential questions that often accompany solitude. With each word carefully chosen, Mallarmé weaves complex themes into this short work, making "Toast" not just a salute to life's challenges and triumphs, but also a testament to the enduring power of poetry to illuminate the human condition.