Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Anthony Hecht's "Paradise Lost, Book 5. An Epitome" is a playful and succinct rendering of a segment from John Milton's epic poem "Paradise Lost". Using lighthearted, whimsical language, Hecht captures the essence of Archangel Raphael's account of Satan's rebellion against God, encapsulating it in a brief, humorous format.

The poem opens with the phrase "Higgledy-piggledy," an informal, rhyming term that immediately sets a playful tone. This term contrasts sharply with the grandeur and seriousness of Milton's original work, signaling that Hecht's approach will be both irreverent and accessible.

Hecht refers to "Archangel Raphael," the angel sent by God to warn Adam and Eve about Satan. In Milton's epic, Raphael recounts the story of Satan's fall from grace, providing theological and moral insights. By mentioning Raphael, Hecht anchors his epitome in the context of Milton's narrative.

The phrase "Speaking of Satan’s re- / Bellion from God" is a straightforward summary of Raphael's discourse. The enjambment between "re-" and "Bellion" adds a rhythmic break, mimicking the suddenness of Satan's revolt.

Hecht then characterizes Satan as a "Chap," an informal and colloquial term that downplays Satan's gravitas, instead portraying him as just another character with flaws. The description "decidedly / Tergiversational" employs a rare and sophisticated word—"tergiversational"—which means deceitful or evasive. This choice of word maintains a connection to the sophisticated diction of Milton, while also highlighting Satan's duplicitous nature.

The lines "Given to lewdness and / Rodomontade" succinctly summarize Satan's character flaws. "Lewdness" indicates his moral corruption, while "Rodomontade," meaning boastful or inflated talk, captures his arrogance and pride. These traits are central to Satan's character in "Paradise Lost", where his hubris and moral failings lead to his downfall.

By condensing Milton's complex narrative into a brief, witty poem, Hecht offers a fresh and engaging perspective on "Paradise Lost". His use of playful language and sophisticated vocabulary provides a juxtaposition that both honors and gently parodies the epic's grandeur. This epitome serves as both a tribute to Milton's work and a reminder of the enduring appeal of its themes, presented in a way that is accessible and entertaining.