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BANKS OF A STREAM WHERE CREATURES BATHE, by             Poet Analysis     Poet's Biography

James Merrill's poem "Banks of a Stream Where Creatures Bathe" unfolds with a rich tapestry of imagery and metaphor, delving into themes of desire, transformation, and the tension between earthly passions and spiritual aspirations. The poem’s language is layered with symbolic meaning, inviting the reader to explore the intricate dynamics between the speaker and the enigmatic figure they address.

The poem begins with a striking visual: "Through slits in the plantain leaf, / Celestial surge!" This opening image combines the earthly with the celestial, suggesting a moment of divine or sublime revelation filtered through the natural world. The "plantain leaf" acts as a veil or lens through which the speaker glimpses something beyond the ordinary, hinting at the possibility of transcendence or otherworldly insight.

The "fabulous old Goat" is introduced as a figure of temptation or persuasion, extending "nightlong / Ancien régime / Propositions." This reference to the "ancien régime" evokes images of old-world luxury, decadence, and perhaps corruption. The Goat, a traditional symbol of lust and earthly desires, promises wealth and opulence ("you'll be wearing diamonds"), representing the allure of material pleasures and the seductive power of worldly indulgence.

However, the speaker’s relationship with this figure is complex. There is a sense of resistance and reluctance: "Barely relenting / You of the cool breast / Unclasp the rivière." The "cool breast" suggests detachment or emotional reserve, while the act of unclasping the rivière (a necklace of precious stones) symbolizes the release or surrender of something precious. The phrase "Facets reassembled / Pulse and scatter" captures the disintegration of something once whole and beautiful, now fragmented and chaotic, reflecting the internal struggle of the speaker or the addressee.

The poem's imagery of the "courts of heaven / In sparkling shambles" evokes a celestial order disrupted, as if the divine is in disarray, unable to withstand the force of earthly desires. The courts, now "like a shack on poles," suggest a fragile, unstable structure, further emphasizing the tension between spiritual ideals and the pull of physical longing. The speaker acknowledges their inability to "compete" with these forces, admitting a sense of powerlessness in the face of such overwhelming desire.

In a moment of vulnerability, the speaker confesses, "Giving of my very / Self, I've seen you / Clouded by the gift." This line suggests that the act of giving, perhaps an offering of love or devotion, has not brought clarity or connection, but rather confusion or obfuscation. The addressee remains elusive, unsatisfied by the speaker's attempts to fulfill their desires. The phrase "You want diversions / Deeply pure, is that it?" reveals the speaker’s frustration and longing to understand the other’s needs, which seem to be both profound and unattainable.

The speaker's plea—"Trust me. I keep trying / Not to break down"—underscores the emotional toll of this relationship, marked by efforts to maintain composure and provide what is asked of them. The reference to the "hoof / Imprinted on my clay" introduces a mythic or primal element, perhaps symbolizing the indelible mark left by the Goat-like figure or by the desires that shape the speaker's very being. The image of "His bulk and poise / Who drinks you, enters you" suggests a powerful, consuming force, one that both attracts and overwhelms.

As the poem nears its conclusion, the speaker's desire to hold the addressee "Too close to make the best / Of that recurrently / Real beast in you" indicates a recognition of the primal, untamed aspects of the addressee’s nature—an aspect that the speaker is both drawn to and challenged by. This "beast" represents the raw, instinctual side of human nature, which the speaker seeks to embrace but also struggles to fully comprehend or manage.

In the final lines, the tone shifts to one of resignation and supplication: "At dawn asleep / In fairness take these colors. / Do not sweep me / Downstream with the stars." The speaker acknowledges the passage of time ("At dawn asleep") and the inevitability of change, offering "these colors" as a final gesture of connection or understanding. The plea not to be "swept downstream with the stars" suggests a fear of being lost or forgotten in the vast, impersonal flow of the universe, or perhaps a desire to remain grounded in reality rather than being carried away by the abstract or unattainable.

"Bank of a Stream Where Creatures Bathe" is a meditation on the complexities of desire, the struggle between earthly and spiritual aspirations, and the profound impact of relationships on our sense of self. Merrill's use of vivid imagery and symbolic language creates a rich, layered narrative that invites readers to contemplate the delicate balance between holding on and letting go, between embracing desire and seeking something deeper, more enduring.


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