Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Carolyn Kizer's "Fearful Women" is a sharp, satirical exploration of how mythology, religion, and historical narratives have been used to perpetuate the subjugation and vilification of women. Through vivid imagery and pointed commentary, Kizer critiques the systemic fear and control of women by patriarchal societies, using well-known myths and biblical stories to illustrate her points.

The poem begins with a nod to the classical epic tradition: "Arms and the girl I sing—O rare / arms that are braceleted and white and bare / arms that were lovely Helen's, in whose name / Greek slaughtered Trojan." Here, Kizer invokes the story of Helen of Troy, whose beauty purportedly caused the Trojan War. The phrase "Scape-nanny call her" highlights the unjust blaming of Helen for the war, suggesting that real motives—"wars for turf and profit"—are often masked by such mythologizing.

Kizer then moves to the myth of Europa, who was abducted by Zeus in the form of a bull: "Europe was named from an act of bestial rape: / Eponymous girl on bull-back, he intent / on scattering sperm across a continent." This retelling emphasizes the violence and exploitation underlying the founding myths of Western civilization. The line "Old Zeus refused to take the rap. / It's not his name in big print on the map" underscores how male perpetrators are often excused or erased from the narrative, while the victim's name becomes synonymous with the continent itself.

The poem shifts to the biblical story of Adam and Eve, highlighting the misogyny embedded in this origin story: "He, one rib short: she lived to rue it / when Adam said to God, 'She made me do it.'" This line reflects the way women have historically been blamed for men's actions. Eve's punishment for seeking knowledge—"Eve learned that learning was a dangerous thing for her: no end of trouble it would bring"—serves as a cautionary tale against female education and autonomy.

Kizer then addresses the broader societal fear of educated and independent women: "An educated woman is a danger. / Lock up your mate! Keep a submissive stranger." The reference to "Darby's Joan" contrasts with "that sainted Joan, burnt to a cinder," juxtaposing the ideal of the submissive wife with Joan of Arc, who was executed for her leadership and defiance. This contrast illustrates the extremes of female subjugation and the punishment of women who challenge societal norms.

The concluding lines of the poem encapsulate Kizer's critique of male fear and control: "Whether we wield a sceptre or a mop / It's clear you fear that we may get on top. / And if we do—I say it without animus— / It's not from you we learned to be magnanimous." Here, Kizer asserts that women's strength and potential for leadership are innate and not derived from men. The use of "sceptre or a mop" signifies the full spectrum of women's roles, from rulers to domestic workers, all of whom threaten the status quo.

"Fearful Women" is a powerful commentary on the historical and ongoing fear of female power and autonomy. Kizer's use of mythological and biblical references underscores the deep roots of misogyny in cultural narratives. Through her incisive and eloquent critique, Kizer calls for a reevaluation of these stories and a recognition of women's inherent strength and capability.